Introduction: From a long time ago, benefiting from technology has been an inevitable thing for human interests, which is born and based on science. It can be claimed that there is harmony between ETHICS, science and technology, which promote each other. In this article, the researcher discusses this harmony and compatibility. Material and Methods: The current review study was descriptive and using the study of sources and research keywords among the books and articles published in the databases of Thomson Information Institute, Science Direct and Pub Med. Conclusion: As science and technology continue to advance and become more integrated into our daily lives, ethical considerations become increasingly important. For example, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised questions about the potential implications of creating machines that can make autonomous decisions and take actions. If science and technology were considered as a tool, it should have been able to subjugate humans and influence all aspects of behavior and values. While it has become a problem that eventually becomes aligned with morality by applying reason, and people now seek help from it as a tool.

Teacher factors encompass the teachers’ cognitive and affective characteristics that are likely to affect their instructional efficacy. Language teacher immunity is one of the affective factors that determines the teachers’ psychological well-being in their settings. The present study strived to itemize the factors in novice and experienced EFL instructors’ teacher immunity PHILOSOPHY. To this end, first, the researchers used convenience sampling for selecting 62 EFL teachers including 38 novice and 24 experienced teachers at ten prominent language institutes in Tabriz (Iran) as the participants. Second, they conducted 30-minute interviews with the participants for determining the factors that influenced their TI PHILOSOPHY using a researcher-developed semi-structured interview protocol. Lastly, they used thematic analysis in order to particularize the main factors in their teacher immunity PHILOSOPHY. The findings of the study indicated that while the novice teachers considered external support as the main factor in their PHILOSOPHY, the experienced teachers regarded their internal strength as the decisive factor that influenced their teacher immunity PHILOSOPHY. The findings may have practical implications for teacher education courses in foreign language contexts.

Introduction: The ethical dimensions of agriculture need to be explored, distinguishing between ETHICS in agriculture and ETHICS of agriculture. ETHICS in agriculture is traditionally based on abstract moral theory, formulated through logical reasoning, but often found inadequate to address the complex ethical challenges within agriculture due to its abstract nature and lack of practical visibility. Conversely, ETHICS of agriculture is approached within a context-specific framework derived from the research topic with the aim of providing more tailored solutions. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of the relevant literature is conducted, using a descriptive-analytical approach to provide a conceptual framework for understanding agricultural ETHICS. Conclusion: The article highlights the critical need for a comprehensive ethical framework to address the multifaceted ethical challenges in the agricultural sector. The importance of analyzing and resolving ethical dilemmas at all stages of agriculture is underscored in order to align practices with human ideals and to ensure ethical decision-making by stakeholders involved in agriculture.

Our analysis of Popper’s PHILOSOPHY of science focuses on his concepts of tradition and situational analysis. These concepts represent innovative Popperian contributions to a historical and hermeneutical turn in PHILOSOPHY of science that most of his critics, especially Kuhn, fail to recognize. According to his historical view, Popper conceives sciences as a complex of traditions in continuous transformation and progress by means of rational discussion of theories. In order to grasp the rational progress of scientific traditions, Popper proposes an original method that he calls “situational analysis”. This hermeneutical method seeks to understand the concepts, hypotheses, actions, practices, controversies and products that scientists made to solve problems in their specific historical contexts to improve the truth content of theories. In addition to his historical and hermeneutical turn, Popper also inquired about the social and political conditions for the progress of scientific traditions by means of intersubjective criticism of theories and conjectures. According to him, the rational discussion of ideas requires, as necessary conditions, plurality of ideas, intellectual humility, and freedom of thought and communication that can only exist in an open and democratic society. With these considerations, we may say that in addition to a historical and hermeneutical turn, Popper also contributed to a social and political turn in the PHILOSOPHY of science

This research endeavors to introduce a novel concept in ETHICS, namely ETHICS based on the primacy of existence, drawing upon Aṣālat al-wujūd, the theory of the primacy of existence in ontology. Mullā Sadrā's PHILOSOPHY, which has three basic tenets—the primacy of existence, substantial motion (Ḥarakat-i Juharī), and gradation in existence (Tashkīk-i wujūd)—is the basis for this doctrine. The primacy of existence holds that quiddity is a mental construct and that existence is fundamental. The writers distinguished between two conceptions of ETHICS in this regard: one based on existence and the other on quiddity. Human quiddity is fixed and does not grade, hence ETHICS based on quiddity's primacy will always be fixed and the same for every individual. Moral obligations are universal and shared by all individuals. On the other hand, moral obligations for humans might vary depending on their existential status, according to ETHICS grounded in the primacy of existence. Moral oughts and ought nots are established by human existential grades in this ETHICS. This ethical model is flexible and dynamic.

Introduction: Arbitration has a contractual nature and is subject to the sovereignty of the will of the parties, but in some cases, the legislator imposed the referral of claims to arbitration on the will of the parties and caused the contractual nature of the arbitration clause to disappear or be limited. By doing this, he has placed the arbitration outside the will of the parties. This issue causes some moral conflicts in the discussion of compulsory arbitration. Therefore, this research has been done with the purpose of examining the position of compulsory arbitration in Iran's legal system and the ethical challenges in it with a descriptive-analytical approach. Material and Methods: The research was a review method, in order to achieve the goal of the research, in addition to electronic education books and virtual education in this field, articles related to the research keywords from 2004 to 2022 from the databases of Civilica, Magiran, Sid, Researchgate, Science direct, was reviewed Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that compulsory arbitration in Iran has ethical challenges in the field of implementation and interpretation, the most important of which is the issue of the right to action and judicial justice. In the context of ambiguities in mandatory arbitration, even if the method of arbitration becomes ambiguous, the arbitrator has the duty to find out the will of the legislator with the principles and rules of interpretation, which creates a moral conflict for the arbitrator.

Addressing the issue of PHILOSOPHY of war difficult. In the other words, the relationship between PHILOSOPHY and war seems to be difficult one. Alexander Moseley is a Political PHILOSOPHY Editor for the IEP (Internet Encyclopedia of PHILOSOPHY and he has lectured on the PHILOSOPHY and morality of war at Several British universities. In his book called The PHILOSOPHY of War he explained why do humans fight each other? He said “ what I hope to establish in this work is that the Principles of war s origins involve all aspects of our nature, culture, and thinking. We fight because we believe in fighting and our beliefs have to change if we wish to abandon war. The research method in this book and this article is analytical and Philosophical.

After a short introduction about the situation and the present importance of medical ETHICS, key words and definitions have been preceded. Then a brief report on different theories rose in ETHICS PHILOSOPHY and the relation of these theories to medical ETHICS have been presented. At the conclusion part, the relation between ethical philosophies of holy Islam and medicine has been discussed. It has been explained that ethical behavior of experts and researchers in medical sciences, is an internal behavior in accordance with ethical Islamic principles. Taken together, medical ETHICS should be internalized in people in order to be educated and performed in the society. In the principals of Islamic ETHICS, intention is the basis of good & evil action and the value of ETHICS. In the Islamic fundamental view, not only being nice is not sufficient for doing ethical action, but also good intention of actor is important. Good intention and good behavior will bring salvation for the men. In the other word in Islam, ETHICS is internal and the moral act originates from faith to God and afterlife.

As is known, Ishraq PHILOSOPHY is of some sorts of mystical teachings. Ishraqi ETHICS is also a mystical ETHICS and has taken such a direction that with the help of Ethical Journey may release human from nature’s darkness, mundane attachments and his own alien homesick and to return human to his original homeland. Sheikh Ishraq has recommended some instructions for God seeker’s achievement to purification of the soul and heart as well as being blessed with real insight based upon considerable anthropological and ontological principles. This paper has intended to explain the meaning and concept as well as nature and reality of ETHICS from Ishraq PHILOSOPHY perspective followed by dealing with anthropological and ontological principles of Ishraqi ETHICS. Finally, Ishraqi ethical plans and instructions will be analyzed.